| Tool Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Maltego | Maltego is an open-source intelligence and forensics application. It allows for the mining and gathering of information as well as the representation of this information in a meaningful way. |
| Shodan | Shodan is a search engine that lets the user find specific types of computers, webcams, routers, servers, and other internet-connected devices. |
| theHarvester | theHarvester is a tool for gathering e-mail accounts, user names, and hostnames/subdomains from different public sources like search engines, PGP key servers, and SHODAN computer database. |
| Recon-ng | Recon-ng is a full-featured Web Reconnaissance framework written in Python. It is capable of conducting open source web-based reconnaissance quickly and thoroughly. |
| SpiderFoot | SpiderFoot is an open-source intelligence (OSINT) automation tool. Its goal is to automate the process of gathering intelligence about a given target, which may be an IP address, domain name, hostname, or network subnet. |
These essential tools are crucial for postgraduate certificate holders in Open Source Intelligence. By mastering these tools, students can enhance their skills and knowledge in the field of OSINT, allowing them to gather valuable information effectively and ethically.